Persistent Depressive Disorder: Signs, Symptoms, and How To Get Help

By Mansurat Zakari 

An apathy for social events and a constant state of gloom are common signs of PDD that we sometimes consider personality traits. 

PDD, short for persistent depressive disorder, is a chronic form of depression that was formerly referred to as dysthymia. There are no exact causes for this condition but certain factors put some individuals at a higher risk of developing this condition. For instance, being a female, doubles the chances of getting PDD as opposed to being a male. 

Post diagnosis of this condition, recovery can take years for most people. This disorder is different from the major depressive disorder but it's not uncommon for people to have both major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder. 

Signs and Symptoms of Persistent Depressive Disorder 

Most people suffering from PDD would have a gloomy countenance, a history of trauma and anxiety or a somatic disorder history. 

If you suspect you are suffering from PDD or maybe a loved one is, you can look out for these signs. Note that, only a qualified mental health professional can make a proper diagnosis and the symptoms stated below must be observed for at least two months at a stretch. 

Also, before arriving at a diagnosis, the individual must report being depressed for most of the day or most days of the week. Or, a third party reports observing these symptoms for at least two years. 

What PDD (Dysthymia) Looks Like and Symptoms To Look Out For:

• A loss of interest in normal daily activities 
• Feelings of hopelessness
• Decreased productivity 
• Low self esteem or an unhealthy sense of self
• Trouble experiencing happiness even in happy situations 
• Lack of energy
• An overly critical inner voice
• Lack of interest in social activities 
• Poor feeding habits 
• Sleep problems 
• Irritability for over a year in children and adolescents 
• Inability to concentrate 
• Overall distress
• No history of a manic or hypomanic episode

What Triggers PDD (Dysthymia)? Who is Prone to PDD? 

Persistent depressive disorder has been associated with a drop in the level of the hormone serotonin. This hormone is responsible for our emotions and overall well-being. Although, PDD is often triggered by difficult or traumatic life events. 

This could be having to witness a crime,  dealing with the loss of a loved one, losing a job, or experiencing a breakup. 

Anyone can experience PDD but people who are close relatives of individuals suffering from the condition or a major depressive disorder are more likely to experience this. Also, women are more likely to suffer from PDD in comparison to men. 

Does PDD Go Away? Can PDD (Dysthymia) Last a Lifetime? 

Persistent depressive disorder can last years with symptoms relapsing and reoccurring over time. Although, the symptoms are likely to remain stable for a period of two months or more before a relapse.

It can last a lifetime if left untreated as dysthymia will not go away on its own. Moreover, it can be managed with therapy and medication.

What Happens If PDD (Dysthymia) Is Left Untreated? 

When PDD is left untreated, the condition could worsen with time as it is a chronic condition. This could lead to an interference with day-to-day activities, continued loss of interest in hobbies or passions, and a poor mental health.

To properly manage this condition, psychotherapy or talk therapy is recommended. 

Is PDD (Dysthymia) a Form of Bipolar? 

Bipolar is an affective disorder, that is, a disorder that affects the mood, just like dysthymia. However, PDD is not a form of bipolar. Infact, for a patient to be diagnosed with PDD, there must be no history of bipolar, a manic disorder, or a hypomanic disorder.

Is PDD (Dysthymia) a Psychosis? 

A psychosis is a severe mental health condition in which a person loses touch with reality because their mood and thoughts are badly affected or destroyed.

PDD is not regarded as a psychosis because these two are separate mental health issues. Although, people suffering from dysthymia are predisposed to also having a psychosis.

Is Persistent Depressive Disorder Genetic? 

There are no proven studies to back the sequence where PDD runs in families. It could be possible to be born with PDD and this may be linked to the pool of genes inherited. However, there is no backing for this speculation at the moment even though most people who suffer or have suffered from PDD have relatives with a similar or the same depressive disorder.

Does PDD (Dysthymia) Count as a Disability? 

Dysthymia impairs mood and one's ability to function and these effects can last for a long period of time. Where you are finding it difficult to work, it could be classed as a disability and can grant you access to social security. Although, you will have to provide sufficient evidence to establish claims made.

How To Get Help If You're Suffering From Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

If you suspect you are suffering from PDD, the first step should be seeing a qualified mental health professional. In most cases, psychotherapy can help in managing this condition. A seasoned psychotherapist can help you get through this.

And while doing that, you can make certain changes to your lifestyle which would help you feel better. This can be either exercising, journaling, or socialising. Complementary therapies like yoga and meditation would also go a long way in helping you manage your mood.

You should also try to get support from family, friends, or peer groups. 

Help for Helpers: How To Get Help As a Mental Health Professional Suffering From Persistent Depressive Disorder 

It's not uncommon for mental health professionals to battle with mental health issues. Just because you help others navigate their mental health conditions does not mean you can help yourself through this. Reach out to colleagues that you connect with, speak out, and get the help you need. 

Also, stay in touch with family, friends, acquaintances, or a support group as they can offer the needed support to navigate this condition. 

References

1. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington DC Retrieved from:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 
2. https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/January-2018/Understanding-Dysthymia Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541052/#article-20811.r1
3. Raj, K. P., Gregory, M. R. (June 22, 2022). Persistent Depressive Disorder. Retrieved from:hthttps://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=73726
4. Sherri Melrose. (February, 2017). Persistent Depressive Disorder or Dysthymia: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches. Retrieved from:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

About Author

Mansurat Zakari is a health and wellness content specialist and a certified meditation teacher. She creates content on a range of health and wellness sub-niches. She also helps brands in the industry to promote their products and services with personalized content solutions. Feel free to reach out if you are interested in growing your brand with tailored content.